La enfermedad trauma / The disease trauma

Reports of the World Health Organization make known that the non-intentional lesions and the violence (intentional injuries) are a threatening possibility for the world's health and they represent a 9% of the whole mortality. Around 5.840.000 subjects die yearly due to lesions (16.000 subjects each day). Eight of the 15 causes of death, of the persons between 15 trough 25 years old are related to violence or non-intentional injuries, whether they are produced by vehicular collisons, suicides, homicides, suffocation, burns, wars, poisoning or falls. In Argentina, each year 8.000 subjects die due to vehicular collisions. According with the National Ministery of Health, this number represents the 25% of the deaths due to trauma. We think that it is interesting to present two aspects that require a conceptualization with a scientific support: The recognition of trauma as a disease (the disease trauma), and the necessity to not use the term accident to design the lesional mechanism described for non-intentional trauma. The participation of Institutions in the control of the disease trauma is considered by the authors.

Propuesta de regionalización para la atención del paciente traumatizado / Regionalization proposal for the traumatized patient attention

Propuesta basada en un proyecto de regionalización a nivel nacional de atención de emergencia y trauma, teniendo como modelo la estructura municipal y como eje, la creación de centros de trauma de complejidad alta, mediana y baja. El proyecto también incluye la creación de planes conjuntos de atención y el Registro Informßtico Único de Trauma

Body and testicular traits, libido testing and semen analysis of young males from the Blanco Orejinegro (Bos taurus) herd of University of Antioquia, throughout puberty onset

Fifteen young males (mixed ages) from the BON herd of University of Antioquia were selected and followed weekly from August to December 1998 (Comprising a range from 9,9 to 28,1 months, from 19 time points of data collection) in order to measure and evaluate: 1) Body and Testicular traits (n = 322); 2) Libido testing (LibT, n = 19); 3) Response to rectal palpation of seminal vesicles reflex (SVR, n = 244); and 4) Analysis of semen collected by artificial vagina (n = 42). Data of physical traits were categorized monthly from 10 to 27 months (n = 17 groups); and data of semen were categorized into three groups (16,1 to 21; 21,1 to 24; and 24,1 to 27 months). Simple regression analysis was performed between each trait (dependent variable) and age (independent variable). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to establish differences between groups and monthly reference values for each trait.Physical traits proportionally increased (p<0,01) with age: Body Weight (R2=0,796) and Scrotal Circumference (R2 = 0,672), had the highest correlation coefficients, whereas Body Length (R2 = 0,454), Withers height (R2 = 0,506), Testis Diameter (R2 = 0,415), and Testis Length (R2 = 0,458), had a mild correlation. Higher scores for LibT (more than 5 mating attempts/5 minutes) were always observed. Individual responses to SVR (secretion of pre-seminal fluid, protrusion of penis and complete erection)proportionally increased with age (R2 = 0,539; p<0,01). The youngest age at semen collection was 16,1 months (1,63 x 108 sperm/cc, with >60 por ciento gross and individual progressive motility); however, no correlation was found with age, neither for volume (3,6 ml), nor for pH (6,86) or semen concentration. These results suggest the onset of puberty occurs between 13 and 14 months for this BON herd and confirm previous observations on the high libido of BON males. Reference values are reported for both testicular and body traits. Breeding Soundness Examination rather than merely...